Local Control Of Texas A Seismic Zone - 1193 Words

Student Name: Wei Shi Professor Name: Prof. Smith Govt-2306-71430 11 Sept 2016 Local Control in Texas When I was woken up by a 5.8 magnitude earthquake from Pawnee, Oklahoma on last Saturday morning, I just thought I was in a dream. Is Texas near a seismic zone? Again, I heard my cousin, a petroleum engineer, talk about the hydraulic fracturing which causes the frequent earthquakes recently. hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is widely used by the oil and gas companies in Texas and Oklahoma to produce oil and natural gas. Although hydraulic fracturing technology successfully reduces the price of energy, the scientific evidences show that it relates to frequent earthquake and water pollutions. According to a report from Newsweek Global, the Oklahoma Geological Survey states that Oklahoma only has one and a half earthquakes over 3 magnitudes per year before 2008, the year of the oil and gas companies begin to use hydraulic fracturing technology, compare to two and a half per day in 2015(MCGRATH). The United States Geological Survey (USGS) also indicates that hyd raulic fracturing induce earthquakes on March 28, 2015 (MCGRATH). In addition, United States Environmental Protection Agency confirmed that the hydraulic fracturing relates to the water pollution (Banerjee). In Texas, if a city over 5000 populations can be became to a home rule city, which give the city government more freedom and flexibility(Collier). Since the hydraulic fracturingShow MoreRelatedImmigration Act Of The Border1473 Words   |  6 Pagesissue (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, n.d). Border control became the main focus for the U.S. government in the early 1920s. After the Labor Appropriation Act was passed by Congress in 1924, borders between inspection stations could then be secured effectively under the official establishment of the U.S. Border Patrol with expanded duties. Appointees from the Civil Service Register of Railroad Mail Clerks, Texas Rangers and local sheriffs including their deputies provided agents who wereRead MoreOil And Gas Site Conservation Essay3097 Words   |  13 Pagessites in Texas. Texas currently has millions of acers under lease for drilling of oil and gas wells. These leases typically include a 1-2-acre pad site and an access road. In some areas hundreds of pad sites can be interconnected leaving the environment scared and otherwise unusable to its original purpose examples are farming, pasture land, or native landscape. The Texas Rail Road Commission (RRC) has the authority and jurisdiction over the oil and gas industries oper ating in Texas. 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Study On Sensitivity Analysis And Financial Models Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1740 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Sensitivity analysis is used to determine how sensitive a model is to changes in the value of the parameters of the model and to changes in the structure of the model. Inthis paper, we focus on parameter sensitivity. Parameter sensitivity is usually performedas a series of tests in which the modeller sets different parameter values to see how achange in the parameter causes a change in the dynamic behaviour of the stocks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On Sensitivity Analysis And Financial Models Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Byshowing how the model behaviour responds to changes in parameter values, sensitivityanalysis is a useful tool in model building as well as in model evaluation. Sensitivity analysis helps to build confidence in the model by studying theuncertainties that are often associated with parameters in models. Many parameters insystem dynamics models represent quantities that are very difficult, or even impossible tomeasure to a great deal of accuracy in the real world. Also, some parameter valueschange in the real world. Therefore, when building a system dynamics model, the modelleris usually at least somewhat uncertain about the parameter values he chooses and must useestimates. Sensitivity analysis allows him to determine what level of accuracy is necessaryfor a parameter to make the model sufficiently useful and valid. If the tests reveal that themodel is insensitive, then it may be possible to use an estimate rather than a value withgreater precision. Sensitivity analysis can also in dicate which parameter values arereasonable to use in the model. If the model behaves as expected from real worldobservations, it gives some indication that the parameter values reflect, at least in part, thereal world. Sensitivity tests help the modeller to understand dynamics of a system.Experimenting with a wide range of values can offer insights into behaviour of a system inextreme situations. Discovering that the system behaviour greatly changes for a change in aparameter value can identify a leverage point in the model- a parameter whose specificvalue can significantly influence the behavior mode of the system. (https://sysdyn.clexchange.org/sdep/Roadmaps/RM8/D-4526-2.pdf) 3(a) What is Sensitivity Analysis? Sensitivity analysis is a strategy that is helpful in determining what could happen if a specific variable within a projection fails to function as originally envisioned. The idea is to identify possible deviations that could occur if one or more variables are changed or discarded, and how those changes would affect the eventual outcome. From this perspective, this type of analysis makes it possible to prepare for outcomes other than the desired goal, thus minimizing the ill effects if those variables do fail to perform or influence as anticipated. Within the process of conducting a sensitivity analysis, it is possible to look at each factor or variable that has relevance to the projected outcome. For example, if an business anticipates that launching a new product will result in an increase of twenty-five percent in annual earnings, the analysis may look at how the earnings would be affected if consumer response were only half as enthusiastic as originally predicted. As part of the development of different scenarios where a given variable failed to function as projected, the matter of an increase in the cost of raw materials may also be considered, determining what impact that increase would have on the profits earned by the new product line. While there are exceptions, a sensitivity analysis does not typically include the development of scenarios that have below a certain potential for actually coming to pass. Instead, the process focuses on identifying and projecting the outcome if certain variables that do have at least a reasonable chance of taking place should occur. For this reason, the sensitivity analysis tends to remain somewhat grounded in facts and makes use of those facts in creating the alternative scenarios. What is considered a reasonable scenario will vary somewhat from one industry to the next, and will depend a great deal on general economic conditions as well as factors that apply to the industry where the business operates and the i nternal function of the business itself. (https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sensitivity-analysis.htm) 3(b) Application of Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity Analysis, in other words, is a procedure that analyses how the changes of certaininput values (income, costs, value of investments, etc.),produced due to inappropriate prediction or for someother reason, influence certain criteria values and thetotal investment project evaluation. Applying thisanalysis it is possible to analyse the maximum or minimum points which one value may take while, however, still allowing an investment project to be justified andacceptable for realization. In the investment project evaluation we have at ourdisposal a set of criteria (Net Present Value, InternalRate of Return, Pay-back Period, etc.) as the basis for evaluation (set of output values), and the set of values(income, costs, discount rate, value of investments,etc.) on the basis of which we can calculate certain individual criteria (input values), as shown by the diagram. Input Values Output Values CALCULATING VALUES FOR INDIVIDUAL CRITERIA Net Present Value Int ernal Rate of Return Payback Period (Calculation of individual criteria using input and output values) Net Present Value The Net Present Value criterion is defined as a sum ofpresent values of annual net incomes earned in theperiod of the project exploitation. Mathematical expression of this criterion is: NPV= ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¿ value (1+rate) value net cash flow occurs at the end of each period i rate discount rate used to discount the cashflow n time period of the project The word net in net present value indicates that our calculation  includes the initial costs as well as the subsequent profits. It also reminds  us that all the amounts in the income stream are net profits, revenues  minus cost. In other words, net means the same as total here. (https://hadm.sph.sc.edu/courses/econ/invest/invest.html) Internal Rate of Return one of the uses of IRR  is by  corporations that wish  to compare capital projects.  For example, a corporation will evaluate an investment in a new plant versus anextension of an existing plant based on the IRR of each project. In such a case, each new capital project must produce an  IRR that is  higher than the companys  cost of capital. Once this hurdle is surpassed, the project with the highest IRR would be the wiser investment, all other things being equal (including  risk). IRR is also useful for corporations in evaluating stock  buyback  programs. Clearly, if a company allocates a substantial amount to a stock buyback, the analysis must show that the companys own stock is a better investment (has a higher IRR) than any other use of the funds for other capital projects, or than any acquisition candidate at current market prices. Calculating IRR The simplest example of computing an IRR is by using the example of a mortgage with even payments. Assume an initial mortgage amount of  £200,000 and monthly payments of  £1,050 for 30 years. The IRR (or implied  interest rate) on this loan annually is 4.8%.  Because the a stream of  payments  is equal and spaced at even intervals, an alternative approach is to discount these payments at a 4.8% interest rate, which will produce a net present value of  £200,000. Alternatively, if the payments are raised to, say  £1,100, the IRR of that loan will rise to 5.2%. The formula for IRR, using this example, is as follows: Where the initial payment (CF1) is  £200,000 (a positive inflow) Subsequent cash flows (CF  2, CF  3, CF N) are negative  £1050 (negative because it is being paid out) Number of payments (N) is 30 years times 12 = 360 monthly payments Initial Investment is  £200,000 IRR is 4.8% divided by 12 (to equate to monthly payments) = 0.400%   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€š Payback Period(PBP) Payback Period  is a financial metric that answer the question: How long does it take for  an investment to pay for itself? Or, how long does it take for incoming retuns to cover costs? Or, put still another way: How long  does it take for  the investment to  break even? Like other financial metrics such as  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  internal rate of return (IRR)  and return on investment (ROI),  payback period  takes essentially an Investment view of the action, plan, or scenario and its estimated  cash flow  stream.  Each of these metrics compares investment costs to investment returns in one way or another.  Payback period is the length of time required for cumulative incoming returns to equal the cumulative costs of an investment (e.g. purchase of computer software or hardware, training expenses, or new product development), usually measured in years. Other things being equal, the investment with th e shorter payback period is considered the better investment.  The shorter payback period is preferred because: The investment costs are recovered sooner  and are available again  for further use. A  shorter payback period is viewed as  less risky. It is usually assumed that the longer the payback period, the more uncertain are the positive returns. For this reason, payback period is often used as a measure of risk, or a risk-related criterion that must be met before funds are spent. A company might decide, for instance, to undertake no major investments or expenditures that have a payback period over, say, 3 years. Conclusion There is clearly much more to the use of a decision support model than finding a single optimal solution. That solution should be viewed as the starting point for a wide ranging set of sensitivity analyses to improve the decision makers knowledge and understanding of the systems behaviour. Even without undertaking the relatively complex procedures which explicitly involve probabilities in the sampling of scenarios or interpretation of results, sensitivity analysis is a powerful and illuminating methodology. The simple approach to sensitivity analysis is easy to do, easy to understand, easy to communicate, and applicable with any model. As a decision aid it is often adequate despite its imperfections. Given its ease and transparency, the simple approach to SA may even be the absolute best method for the purpose of practical decision making. Sensitivity analysis is an important tool in the model building process. By showingthat the system does not react greatly to a change in a parameter value, it reduces themodelers uncertainty in the behavior. In addition, it gives an opportunity for a betterunderstanding of the dynamic behavior of the system. Sensitivity analysis  investigates what happens to the NPV and IRR of the project when one or more variables change. The idea is that we freeze all the variables except the one(s) analyzed and check how sensitive the NPV and/or the IRR are to changes in that variable. (https://cyllene.uwa.edu.au/~dpannell/dpap971f.htm)

Definition and Examples of a Modal in English

In English grammar, a  modal is a verb that combines with another verb to indicate mood or tense. A modal, also known as a modal auxiliary or modal verb, expresses necessity, uncertainty, possibility, or permission. Modal Basics Struggling to understand how modal verbs function in English is entirely normal as their range of applications is quite broad. Even advanced students and native speakers struggle to use these irregular verbs from time to time. With that said, practice is important and the best place to start is by finding out which verbs are considered modals. There are two types of modal verbs: pure modals and semimodals. There are also modal phrases. Pure Modals Pure modals never change their form regardless of subject and dont change to show past tense. These verbs can express certainty or suggestion. Pure modals are followed by a bare infinitive, an infinitive verb without to. See below for examples.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ I can sing. Bob can sing. I found out they can sing.Modal verbs can also be used in the negative by adding not, as in I can not sing.I should go. She should go. We should go. Most linguists agree that there are 9 pure or core modals in English: cancouldmaymightmustshallshouldwillwould Unlike other auxiliaries, common modals have no -s, -ing, -en, or infinitive forms. Modals such as ought that require a to-infinitive complement are regarded as marginal modals, also called semimodals. Semimodals Semimodals or marginal modals are used to imply a range of possibilities, obligations, necessity, or advice. Notice that these verbs can be conjugated by subject and tense. I need to take responsibility for my actions. She needs to take responsibility for her actions. They needed to take responsibility for their actions.You ought to know better by now. The four semimodals generally agreed upon are: need (to)ought (to)used (to)dare (to) Some experts also include have (to) and be able (to) in this list. Modal Phrases To further complicate an already confusing subject, phrases with modal meaning can be constructed without the use of a standard modal or semimodal verb. Sometimes, other verbs and phrases—including  had better and  invariant be—also function as modals or  semimodals. Modal Usage and Examples Modals are commonly used to express your degree of certainty about an outcome or the possibility of something. When using modals, keep in mind that they should always appear first in a verb phrase. Consider these two examples: Kim must be his sister because they look just like each other.I will probably be there, but I cant make any promises. You should go to that cafe some time, I think youd really like it. In the first example, the speaker is making a statement as if it were a matter of fact. In the second example, the statement implies a degree of uncertainty that excuses the speaker from an obligation. The same modal verbs that can be used to express only some certainty or possibility can also express absolute conviction and resolve, which makes mastering modals tricky. For example, consider the modal verb should go and how its used in this sentence: The bank closes in 15 minutes. We should go there now. This modal is now expressing a strong degree of obligation. The speaker knows they need to go to the bank if theyre going to get there before it closes. Famous Quotes As you become more proficient in English, youll discover just how frequently modals are used. Take a look at these examples from famous people. When I was younger I could remember anything, whether it happened or not. -Mark TwainShe thought, I must hurry before the robbers come. -Jean Stafford[G]overnment of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. -Abraham Lincoln Sources â€Å"Modality: Meanings and Uses.†Ã‚  English Grammar Today, Cambridge Dictionary.Sponaugle, Brittani. â€Å"Modal Verbs: Express the Function of a Verb.†Ã‚  Udemy, 12 June 2014.

The Successes and Failures of Mussolinis Domestic...

The Successes and Failures of Mussolinis Domestic Policies in Italy Between 1922 and 1939 Similar to those of Hitler, Mussolini’s main goals were to create an Italian state with a strong identity and role within Europe with a powerful military force. From the day he became Prime Minister on October 29th, 1922 of a coalition government, he lacked a certain skill in organization. It was not quite clear what exactly Mussolini wanted to do, and it seemed as though he made decissions with no previous planning, as opposed to Hitler and the Nazis who knew exactly what they were striving for. Nevertheless, Mussolini knew that he wanted to have full control over the Italian state and successfully did as†¦show more content†¦This allowed grain imports to steadily decrease. Mussolini claimed credit, and photographers were conveniently asked to document his successful campaign. At first appearance this campaign seems to have had a very positive effect on the Italian economy and to Mussolini’s domestic aims. However, there was a large side-effect to the whole scheme. Much of the land had now been turned over to produce grain – land that was very fit for this crop. The climate in Italy was more suited to grow other crops such as citrus fruits, olives, or wine grapes. Now that all this land had been used for the purpose of grain, there was a lot less land to grow the more efficient crops. This resulted in a reasonably strong decline in exports of traditional products. Although Mussolini was now happy that Italy was more or less closer to self-sufficiency, people now needed to pay more for bread as import taxes for grain rose. Although this ‘Battle for Grain’ campaign was somewhat successful, it also did quite some harm to the economy as a whole. Mussolini also expanded a project which was already started by local governments. This was to drain or irrigate farmland and to provide more land to the farmers. An area known as the ‘Pontine Marshes’ was completely drained and replaced with a largeShow MoreRelatedThe Distinct Characteristics of Fascism and Prominant Fascist Leaders2934 Words   |  12 Pagesreligious fundamentalism and multiculturalism. To paint a clearer picture, an ideology, as stated by McLellan (1995) is the most elusive concept in the whole of the social sciences. This is said to occur because all concepts of ideology recognises a link between theory and practice and also because it has not been able to stand apart from the on-going struggle amid and amongst political ideologies. In the Political Spectrum, fascism is often classified or referred to as far-right or extreme politicsRead MoreWhy Did the League of Nations Fail?14508 Words   |  59 Pagesargue that its failure has to be seen in the larger context of the failed disarmament processes of the interwar period. Why did the League of Nations ultimately fail to achieve widespread disarmament, its most fundamental goal? Maurice Vaà ¯sse (1993) has summarized the explanations in the following manner: 1) It failed because it was an imperfect instrument for achieving disarmament; 2) It failed because the League was not universal; 3) It failed because of the confrontation between Great BritainRead MorePaper Exam 2 History Ib9416 Words   |  38 Pagestwo different civil wars need to be clearly identified. The motives for intervention are not the focus, though some candidates may provide a background. Popular choices are likely to be China (1927–1949 or 1946–1949), Russia 1917/1918–1921/1922, Spain 1936–1939. Accept Korea 1950–1953 as an example of civil war, albeit within the Cold War context, and Vietnam (pre- and post-1954). â€Å"Contribution† could relate to financing, provision of military personnel/advisers, supply of weaponry etc. In some casesRea d MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescolonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the

How to write a history essay Free Essays

HOW TO Write A HISTORY ESSAY Brief: 214112 Most history essays begin with a inquiry. The first standards in ‘how to compose a history essay’ is to get down with the inquiry being asked and interrogate it for intending. What is inferred by the inquiry? What attack is required? An essay that starts by analyzing the inquiry – reasoning with it – or its significance – explicating the manner you are traveling to near the inquiry and what methods you are traveling to use in replying it, instantly gets you into the topic and is a good start point. We will write a custom essay sample on How to write a history essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now History is about construing the available ‘facts’ , so demoing how you interpret the inquiry ‘lays out your stall’ and gives the reader an penetration into what will follow. The following undertaking is for you to plunge yourself in the topic of the essay. Type cardinal words on the subject into your library hunt engine and choose any texts that seem to cover the subject by and large, or in item. It is difficult to state precisely how many books are required to be read before you have an apprehension of the topic, but it is good to seek to do certain you have read a mix of books: the most recent scholarship on the topic every bit good as a few older books: this ensures you have an apprehension of old attacks to the topic and a broad scope of statements. Often ‘introductions’ and ‘conclusions’ give a good indicant of what the book contains, and their bibliographies can indicate you in the way of farther utile reading stuff. Journal articles are besides an highly valuable resource, and once more can be searched for, and frequently sourced, electronically. Journal articles and books by historiographers are ‘secondary’ beginnings. The other indispensable beginning of information for a history essay are ‘primary’ beginnings: these are most frequently original paperss from the period, but they can besides be grounds that is exposed by the landscape, pictures, unwritten tradition, architecture, archeology, and artifacts. Equally, as history necessarily embraces all other subjects, sometimes a sidelong attack to researching the topic can be honoring and you might include mentions from philosophers, archeologists, anthropologists or from literature. Once you have immersed yourself in the topic, the following undertaking, before really composing the essay, is to make up one’s mind what attack and statement you feel is right for the inquiry, and can be supported by ‘evidence’ . Deciding on your statement – what position you hold of the topic – is critical before working out the construction of the essay. After reading around the topic you will hopefully hold a feel for the grounds you find most dramatic and persuasive ; if you are lucky, you may hold a whole new angle on the topic you want to set frontward. It is of import that you make certain you have collected together, from what you have read, quotes from a mixture of beginnings that either back up your statement – or so that contradict it ( but that can be convincingly argued against ) . It is of import to demo your thorough apprehension of the historiography of the topic and the mentalities and stances taken by other historiographers. An essay should demo alternate statements to your ain and include an account of why you find them unconvincing. Every spot of ‘evidence’ must be footnoted in your concluding essay with the writer and rubric, so it is of import to do accurate notes as you read. New grounds from primary beginnings is particularly helpful in doing your essay original. . Once you feel confident that you have read plenty and hold a good thought of what statement, or statements, you want to set frontward in reply to the inquiry: so reexamine your notes and jot down a construction for the essay. In simple footings this involves an debut, the chief organic structure of the essay with the statement, and a decision. As mentioned, the debut can include an account of the attack you are taking and your apprehension of what the inquiry demands, and should ‘signpost’ the way the essay will take. The cardinal organic structure of the essay will incorporate the grounds you have collected together. The nexus that threads the statement will be your reading of the grounds, and you marshal your ‘narrative’ around that grounds. The decision will bind up the statement ( s ) made, and significantly, include the reply to the inquiry. With your construction in topographic point you are ready to compose up your essay. There are general ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’ in building a history essay. Traditionally history is written in the 3rd individual. Unless you are a recognized expert in the field, it is best to avoid the ‘I’ word: sentiment should be based on back uping grounds and historiographers are urged to endeavor to be nonsubjective. History should be written in the past tense. Accuracy is critical, and that goes for spelling and punctuation every bit good as transcribing quotation marks and supplying faithful footers, every bit good as a bibliography of everything that you have cited or read and that may hold informed your sentiment in the essay. Citations should be identified by citation Markss ; and unless within a quotation mark, abbreviations should be written in full. Wherever possible, sentences should non be overlong ; even complex ideas can be expressed with lucidity and simpleness. ( Reading it aloud can be helpful in exposing bugs and awkward sen tences ) .A History essay should, in other words: flow ; be easy to read, and the statement should be telling and easy understood. Naturally there are many different historical ‘schools’ of idea, political, societal or economic, be they: ‘top down’ , ‘bottom up’ – Marxist – revisionist – longue duree ( the Gallic Annales School ) , or micro and macro histories et Al. These assorted historical stances provide analytical attacks to any given period or capable, and have been, and go on to be used by historiographers to assist them show the grounds and support statements. You may happen acknowledging, beliing, or following one or more of these attacks helpful in building an essay. However, one of the chief jobs for the historiographer is the job of hindsight. The trouble with history is we know how it ended, we know the result, and it is difficult to divide that cognition from any analysis of past events or their causes. Nowadays a teleological attack is seen as unacceptable: this is frequently called the ‘Whig’ position of history, and sees ev ents in the yesteryear as a portion of the inevitable March of ‘progress’ . Events, and statements environing them, should, therefore, be placed merely within the context of their ain clip, and every attempt should be made to animate the thought procedures of the clip and contextualise the bureaus that coloured the events under reappraisal. So in reply to the job ‘how to compose a history essay’ , foremost understand the inquiry ; so read up all you can on the topic. Following, analyze what you feel is a convincing statement which answers the inquiry ; roll up your ‘facts’ and construction your essay with strict back uping grounds. And, eventually, to rephrase E. H. Carr, retrieve ‘facts’ do non talk for themselves they merely ‘speak’ when the historian calls on them, interprets them, and gives them intending. 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Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism free essay sample

Hinduism and Buddhism Some people may think that Hinduism and Buddhism are the same religions with just two different names. They aren’t, Buddhism and Hinduism both have different types of rituals, holidays, founders, and so-on. The two extensive religions of Hinduism and Buddhism have lots of information behind themselves. They are made up of cultures, rituals, practices, and many other things. â€Å"Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over a long period of time. (World History Patterns of Interaction, 2005) Hinduism has been made up of so many different cultures and beliefs that unlike Christianity and Islam it is unable to be traced back. Hindus believe in karma and reincarnation. Karma is good and bad things that a person does and they follow them through each reincarnation. Reincarnation is the rebirth of a soul or spirit which follows after death into a new body and begins another life. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The three major Hindu gods were Vishnu the protector, Brahma the creator, and Shiva the destroyer. The founder of Buddhism was Siddhartha Gautama. Buddhism was founded around about 563 B. C. There are no worshiped gods in Buddhism. In Buddhism karma and reincarnation were strongly believed in just like in Hinduism. In 273 B. C. Ashoka took the throne he had adopted many of the ideas of Buddhism, which helped a lot in the spread of Buddhism. The goal for some Buddha was enlightenment and to achieve this they had to follow the Eightfold Path one step at a time. The final goal in Buddhism is nirvana which is a state of being perfect and ending the process of reincarnation. Today there is an estimated 600 million Buddhists. There are many differences between the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism just like there are many similarities, but here are a few. Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism, but there was no founder for Hinduism, it was just put together by combining many different religions and cultures. In Hinduism there were three major Gods that were worshiped by the Hindus, but there was not one God in Buddhism that was ever worshiped or looked up to. Also, Buddhism was a more peaceful and calm religion. Unlike in Buddhism, in Hinduism there was a caste system. It was a group from a social system. Hindus had gone by using a caste system, but it was rejected in the Buddhism community which resulted in many Buddhist being laborers and craftspeople. Hindus and Buddha both had different beliefs. For example, â€Å"Hindus saw religion as a way of liberating the soul from illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence. † (World History Patterns of Interaction, 2005) There were also a few similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism. For example, they both believed in reincarnation after death and karma, which means to keep people bound to the world through the cycle of life and death. Also they each had final goals. For example, in Buddhism the final goal was called nirvana and in Hinduism the final goal was called moksha. Each would happen after reincarnation was finished and the spirit and soul had a perfect understanding. Both Buddhism and Hinduism were helped spread by people. For example, Ashoka spread Hinduism by adopting it in a way after war, and missionaries helped spread Buddhism. Also, both religions promote non-violent beliefs toward all living things. To conclude this essay I would say that Hinduism is more or less a group rather than a religion because it was made up of other religions and Buddhism is like a subcategory that would branch off of Hinduism. Hinduism and Buddhism both support the belief of reincarnation and karma. But they don’t both believe in Gods. Also they both support non-violent actions to living things. Buddhism was originally created from Hinduism because the founder, Siddhartha Gautama was originally Hindu but then after creating Buddhism he became the Buddha. Bibliography Hay, Jeff. Buddhism. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. 2006. Rinehart, Robin. Contemporary Hinduism. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO Inc. 2004.

Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses free essay sample

The first business I will be investigating is Westons Cider. In 1878 Henry Weston came to the farm ‘The Bounds’ at Much Marcle, Herefordshire and continued the tradition of using the fruits grown on the farms fruit orchards to make cider. Two years later in 1880 Henry Weston started developing his cider commercial after the realisation of the treat from overseas imports created due to the British Empire but still knew it would be hard to achieve the standard of living he desired for his family. This decision was influenced by his neighbour, Mr C W Radcliffe Cooke of ‘Hellens’ in Much Marcle. Cooke was a Member of Parliament for Herefordshire and believed greatly in the development of West Country cider making, so that cider could then become a national drink, thus he was known as the ‘Member for Cider’. Henry Weston soon gained customers and slowly expanded the business formally known as ‘Westons Cider’. This slow expansion wasn’t achieved by advertising, it was achieved by recommendation. The tradition of the business was then established, a tradition which has been maintained by the company ever since. Westons Cider traditional product has won many awards and are not only available in the UK but in 25 countries around the world. Westons Cider employs more than 130 people, produces over 30 different ciders and perries, sells approximately 28 million pints a year and has a turnover of ? 24 million. They also have a Visitors Centre which is open to the public all year round. It contains an award winning courtyard garden, original features at the Hampton Court Palace Flower show in 2002, a traditional and are breeds farm park and orchard walk, a restaurant and a cafe and a gift and cider shop where you can sample every cider Westons Cider has to offer. Westons Cider is a Private Limited Company in Herefordshire, this is because it is a family owned business and therefore they don’t sell any shares of their business to the public. By not selling any shares of Westons Cider, they are full control of the business as there are not any influences by shareholders and as well as this, they get to keep all the profits to themselves. To buy shares from Westons Cider, you have to be a friend or a family and firstly have to be invited to buy them. A benefit of Westons Cider being an Ltd is that the business has limited liability, this means that the owners are separate from the business and don’t lose personal assets if the business was to go bankrupt or into debt. In comparison to a sole trader which has unlimited liability where they are the business and will lose personal assets to pay back any debts the business encounters. Westons Cider is a business is the private sector. This is where a business’ aim is to make a profit. Westons Cider’s purpose is to supply cider and they do this throughout the primary, secondary and tertiary sector. A business that operates in the primary is ones that collect raw materials. Westons Cider only collect and use top quality cider apples which are small, hard and inedible. They say that they only use two types of apples, bitter sweet and bitter sharp. By blending the fermented juices the apples produce that is that these two types of apples create the characteristic strength, flavour and aroma associate with Westons Cider and their cider. This is where they fall into the secondary sector. The secondary sector is where a business makes the final product using the raw materials. Westons Cider turns their own picked apples in cider at their factories as well as putting the cider into bottles ready to be sold. They start off by milling and pressing their apples to make the cider. The first step is to clean the apples; this involves removing the twigs, leaves or mud on the apples. The apples are then chopped to a pulp in the Bucher Mills where it can produce 16 tonnes per hour. Once the apples are turned into a pulp, they are the mashed to then be finally extracted for the juice. This is when it starts to begin fermentation. This is where the juices are left for a period of time so that they can mature to develop its full character. Some of Westons Cider’s cider is up to 200 years old but usually the common products are left to mature for around eight months. Following maturation, the cider is clarified, sweetened, chilled and then carbonated according to their requirements. A tertiary sector business is one that sells the product. For example, a business like Farmsfood would be in the tertiary sector solely because they buy products from businesses in the secondary sector and sell them to consumers. Westons Cider is in the tertiary businesses because despite selling to big retailers, Westons Cider’s cider can also be brought directly from their website where it is delivered to you. This is achieved by their distribution department. Their vehicles range from a 1? tonne van to seven articulated Lorries with the capacity to carry 28 tonnes each. Their delivery derives and distribution team will endeavour to get your cider to you promptly and efficiently, this is something that Westons Cider prides themselves with. The second business I will be investigating is Cancer Research UK. Cancer Research as by the name suggests is a business that does cancer research whilst spreading awareness in the UK. Cancer researcher is a business in the voluntary sector. The voluntary sector is any business that are not owned by the government and don’t aim to make a profit. They are also in the tertiary sector as they provide a service, being the research of cancer to find a cure as well as charity fund raising to help keep their research going. Cancer Research UK was founded in 2002 by the merge of the Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Trust. The Cancer Research UK’s research is almost entirely funded by the public. They raise money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events and retailer and organisations operations and partnerships. For example, Morrisons could partner with Cancer Research and leave collection buckets at the end of tills for customers to put their lose change in or whatever amount of money they wish to donate. Cancer Research has over 40,000 people who regularly volunteer to help their research. As well as this they also have 3,985 employees that work for find cures using the research collected. The chief executive of Cancer Research UK is Harpel S Humar MA, MEng, MBA. Kumar gained a Masters in Chemical Engineering from the University of Cambridge and then received an MBA as a Baker Scholar from the Harvard Business School. After working for the UK Atomic Energy Authority as a research scientist, Kumar then worked in the London office of McKinsey and Co, specialising in advising pharmaceutical clients on strategic issues. Later afterwards he then became CEO of the Papworth Trust, this focuses on the pioneering rehabilitation and housing services for people with acquire and congenital disabilities. Kumar then left Papworth in 1997 to become founding CEO of Nexan Group, a venture capital backed medical device company, creating and marketing novel cardio-respiratory monitoring technologies. In 2002 Kumar joined Cancer Research Technology Limited as Chief Executive and then became Chief Operating Officer of Cancer Research UK in 2004 before becoming Chief Executive in 2007. One key way to help Cancer Research UK is to become a Trustee of the Charity. This is very similar to voluntary roles however, a voluntary role that is more challenging and is central to the working of the charity. This is like being a Director of a commercial company. Cancer Research currently has 20 Trustees that govern the business. These Trustees consist of people from scientific and non-scientific backgrounds. They must ensure that the organisation of the business has a clear strategic direction, it is properly managed and that is operates to a high standard of governance. The Trustees participate in informal events and serve on committees involve in specific areas of Cancer Research UK’s work to make sure the time commitment is up to a day a month. Appropriate training and induction are provided and Trustees are covered by the needed insurance. Being a Trustee requires good judgement, a commitment to the charities mission and the ability to work as a team with the correct skills. They also have to be sensitive to the issue as well and becoming a Trustee does require significant responsibilities, energy and commitment but it is also every rewarding and crucial element in the success of the charity.